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RFC 2781 / UTF-16 REPRESENTATION

Keep a text FEFF separate from a signature

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A byte-order mark is an initial signature in a chosen context. RFC2781 assigns a different meaning to FEFF inside text, and warns about concatenating independently signed strings.

RFC 2781 · § 3.2EXAMPLE
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Keep a text FEFF separate from a signatureExplicitsignaturemetadata allows consuming only the two trueprefixes before joiningAB.FEFF content and signature are different rolesExplicit metadata identifies both initial signaturesConsume each designated prefix before joiningjoin remaining code units004100420041 0042 = AB; genuine text FEFF is preservedStripping can affect counts/signatures; no indiscriminate FEFF deletion
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Remove only the designated signatures before joining

With explicit metadata that each initial FEFF is a signature, consume those two prefixes before joining. The resulting units0041 0042 represent AB. Genuine text FEFF values remain intact.

Source for this drawing: RFC 2781 · Read RFC source: § 3.2 ↗

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KEY POINT

FEFF away from the beginning MUST have the RFC’s zero-width non-breaking-space semantics and MUST NOT be treated as a new byte-order mark.

  • FEFF away from the beginning MUST have the RFC’s zero-width non-breaking-space semantics and MUST NOT be treated as a new byte-order mark.
  • An initial FEFF MAY instead be a genuine text character, such as at the beginning of a substring. It is not always a signature.
  • When joining independently signed strings, remove the known signatures at their respective starts; do not indiscriminately delete genuine FEFF text. Stripping can affect counts and digital signatures at another layer.
DETAILS

This teaches RFC2781’s historical FEFF text semantics, not a recommendation to insert FEFF for word joining today. No automatic signature detection/removal is inferred for arbitrary chunks; the examples carry explicit signature metadata.

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