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RFC 7519 / TIME CLAIMS

Claims live on a timeline

02

Expiration and not-before define a token’s permitted time interval when these claims are present.

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RFC 7519 · § 4.1.4EXAMPLE
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Claims live on a timelineA moving now marker crosses a not-before boundary and a strict expiration boundary on a clock timeline.Example: nbf = 100, exp = 160now = 16080100120140160nbfexp↓expired: now must be < expTime checks are only part of token validation.NumericDate values shown here are illustrative seconds.
04
Expired.

At time 160 the expiration check fails, absent a configured clock-skew allowance.

Protocol participantThreat or exceptionProtocol controlSimplified drawings · precise section references
KEY POINT

Accept at or after nbf, and strictly before exp.

  • exp and nbf use NumericDate: seconds since the Unix epoch, ignoring leap seconds.
  • iat records issuance time; it does not itself define an expiration.
  • Small leeway for clock skew is permitted; an application must define its policy.
DETAILS

The examples simplify the wire representation. Follow the linked specification and application profile for implementation.

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Privacy
All chapters in this RFC
  1. A compact token comes apart
  2. Claims live on a timeline
  3. Who said it, and who is it for?
  4. Signing is not hiding
  5. Validation is a chain of checks
  6. Trust comes from outside the token

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RFC 9700 / CHAPTERS

Chapters

For full details, tables, algorithms, and exceptions, read the original RFC.

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